Floors squeak when wood moves against a fastener or an adjacent board — usually from seasonal humidity changes, subfloor gaps, or loose nails. The fix is to re-secure the subfloor to the joist and eliminate the movement.
Why it happens
Squeaks are friction: a loose subfloor rubbing a nail, boards rubbing each other, or a gap between subfloor and joist. Humidity swings open and close these gaps, which is why squeaks come and go by season.

Fixes from below
If you can reach the joists, drive screws up through the subfloor (not into the finish floor), or set shims into joist-to-subfloor gaps with construction adhesive.

Fixes from above
For finished floors, specialized scored screws or trim-head screws into the joist can pull the floor tight. Carpeted rooms have breakaway screw kits made for this.
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